Water and sanitation
WATER
Some small islands are often confronted with water shortages: their limited size, topography, low density plant cover, scarcity of springs, poor water infiltration into groundwater, inadequate geology, or even the lack of rain, are likely to cause serious shortages in water availability. Reserves are limited to a thin layer of water on flat islands, groundwater is vulnerable to tides and the rise of saltwater infiltration accentuated by climate change and sea level rise. Higher islands potentially have larger water resources, but their storage capacity remains limited due to the lack of dedicated space or infiltration. access to drinking water on islands is therefore very uneven, as fresh water quality can be affected by the infiltration of seawater in the groundwater, or by pollution due to agricultural, domestic, or touristic activities.
Other islands that are less exposed to water shortages (with heavy rainfall or pipelines, etc.) may however be faced with misuse, over-use or storage problem.
SANITATION
In coastal areas of developing countries, up to 90% of wastewater is released directly into the oceans untreated, often polluted by pathogens, chemical pollutants, pesticides, chemical fertilizers and other hydrocarbons or waste oils generating negative impacts not only on the inhabitants’ health but also on freshwater and marine environments.
Principe
Organic waste management in Principe
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![SDG8 SDG8](https://smilo-program.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/SDG8-q4gupmy9dousadv094gylfwvssy51jibluztjr4jg4.png)
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![SDG13 SDG13](https://smilo-program.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/SDG13-q4gujx3lsz0zns60n5hnxduxpf4r7tt3tk4hg5lras.png)
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Santa Luzia
In Santa Luzia, shelters to facilitate conservation operation
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![SDG14 SDG14](https://smilo-program.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/SDG14-q4gujv7xfayf0k8qy4oesec0ine0sfln5atihlojn8.png)
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Paros
Diversifying tourism in Paros to mitigate mass tourism effects
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![SDG5 SDG5](https://smilo-program.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/SDG5-q4gupvet376d6vipvq4lpvs159sfytfwn0v6v8rzw4.png)
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![SDG12 SDG12](https://smilo-program.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/SDG12-q4gujyza6n3kb03ac6ax2dduw6vhn80khtfgepiyyc.png)
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Emerald Sea
Protection of the outstanding panoramas of Emerald Sea small islands
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![SDG14 SDG14](https://smilo-program.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/SDG14-q4gujv7xfayf0k8qy4oesec0ine0sfln5atihlojn8.png)
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Kerkennah
Preserve traditional sponge fisheries in Kraten, Tunisia
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![SDG14 SDG14](https://smilo-program.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/SDG14-q4gujv7xfayf0k8qy4oesec0ine0sfln5atihlojn8.png)